The guitar can be divide into three main parts; the head, neck, and body.
 
The head contains the tuning keys and is sometimes referred to as the headstock. 
The neck attaches the head to the body and is covered by the fretbaoard. 
The body is essentially and echo chamber or soundbox.

Other parts include:

The NUT which represents one end of the vibrating length of the string.

The BRIDGESADDLE which represents the other.

The FRETS which stop the strings at various lengths along the fretboard.

The SOUNDHOLE which allow sound to escape the body.

The TOP or TABLE which is the vibrating surface creating the sound.

The ROSETTE which is the decorative trim around the soundhole.